3 Basic Knowledge About Washers

Washers are small, flat discs that are used in a wide variety of applications to distribute the load, reduce friction, and prevent damage to surfaces. Despite their simple design, washers play an important role in many industries and applications, from construction and automotive manufacturing to plumbing and electrical work. But before you use it, here are 3 pieces of knowledge maybe you should know.

What are the different types of washers?

There are many different types of washers, each designed for a specific purpose. Here are some of the most common types of washers:

Type of Washer	Advantages	Materials	Common Applications
Spring washers	Provides a pre-load force and maintains tension in an assembly.	Spring steel, stainless steel	Automotive, industrial machinery, electrical
Wave washers	Absorb shock and compensate for axial and radial movement in an assembly.	Spring steel, stainless steel	Automotive, electrical, and industrial machinery
Belleville washers	High load capacity and can withstand high temperatures and pressures.	Steel, stainless steel	Oil and gas industry, high-pressure applications
Flat washers	Distributes load and prevents damage to surfaces.	Steel, stainless steel, nylon	Automotive, plumbing, construction
Plain washers	Distributes load and prevents damage to surfaces. Available in a variety of materials.	Steel, stainless steel, brass, copper	General-purpose use, plumbing
Conical washers	Compensates for thermal expansion and contraction in an assembly.	Steel, stainless steel	Electrical, automotive
Square washers	Prevents bolts from turning in a curved or sloped surface.	Steel, stainless steel	Construction, automotive
Lock washers	Prevents nuts and bolts from loosening due to vibration or other factors.	Spring steel, stainless steel	Automotive, aerospace, industrial
Tab washers	Locks nuts in place and prevents rotation.	Steel, stainless steel	Electrical, automotive
Thrust washers	Distributes axial loads and reduces friction in machine assemblies.	Steel, stainless steel	Machine assembly, industrial machinery

Spring washers, wave washers, and Belleville washers are all types of spring washers, designed to provide a pre-load force and maintain tension in an assembly. Flat washers, plain washers, conical washers, and square washers are general-purpose washers used to distribute loads and prevent damage to surfaces. Lock washers and tab washers are designed to prevent nuts and bolts from loosening due to vibration or other factors. Thrust washers are used to distribute axial loads in machine assemblies.

What are the dimensions of the washer?

The size of a washer can be measured in several ways, depending on the type of washer.

Here are some common methods for measuring the dimensions of a washer:

Outer Diameter (OD): Measure the distance across the widest part of the washer.

Inner Diameter (ID): Measure the distance across the opening in the center of the washer.

Thickness: Measure the distance between the two flat surfaces of the washer.

Bolt Size: If you know the size of the bolt or screw that the washer will be used with, you can select a washer with a corresponding inside diameter.

ANSI Standard Size: If you are using a washer that conforms to ANSI standards, the size can be specified using the standard size number.

It’s important to note that not all washers have the same dimensions, even if they are described as being the same size. For example, a 1/4-inch washer from one manufacturer may have slightly different dimensions than a 1/4-inch washer from another manufacturer.

Therefore, it’s always best to measure the dimensions of the specific washer you plan to use to ensure a proper fit.

What is the finishing type of washers?

There are several types of finishing that can be applied to washers, depending on the desired look and function. Some common types of finishing for washers include:

Plain finished washers

This is the simplest type of finish, with no additional coatings or treatments applied. Washers with a plain finish are often used in applications where appearance is unimportant.

Zinc plated washers

Washers can be coated with a layer of zinc to protect them from corrosion. Zinc plating can be applied in different thicknesses, depending on the level of protection required.

Black oxide washers

This is a chemical treatment that creates a dark, matte black finish on the surface of the washer. Black oxide is often used for aesthetic purposes or to prevent corrosion.

Nickel plated washers

Washers can also be plated with a layer of nickel, which provides a durable and corrosion-resistant finish. Nickel plating can be applied in different thicknesses, depending on the level of protection required.

Chrome finishing washers

This is a decorative finish that gives washers a shiny, reflective surface. Chrome plating is often used for aesthetic purposes.

Galvanized finishing washers

This is a coating of zinc that is applied to washers to protect them from rust and corrosion. Galvanized washers are commonly used in outdoor or marine environments.

Powder coating washers

This is a finishing process that involves applying a dry powder to the surface of the washer and then heating it to create a durable and attractive finish. Powder coating is available in a range of colors and textures.

In conclusion, washers may seem like simple components, but they play a crucial role in many applications. By understanding the different types of washers available, the materials they can be made from, and the different finishing options that are available, you can make informed decisions about which washers to use in your specific application. Remember to always measure your washers carefully, choose the right size and thickness for the job, and follow proper installation procedures to ensure optimal performance and safety. The choice of finish will depend on the specific application requirements and the desired appearance of the finished product. With this basic knowledge about washers, you can tackle any project with confidence and efficiency.